What Makes Comedy Comedic?
Comedy is a very popular and diverse genre explored in film, storytelling, and TV that has entertained audiences since it first debuted. It's been offering commentary on life's low and unexpected moments through comedic relief. Not only does this comedic relief made consumers feel good, it caters to a huge target audience because of it's many sub-genres. Children's comedies, such as Despicable Me, typically target 5-12 year olds. Parody comedies, including Not Another Teen Movie, aim towards 15-30 year olds as they highlight stereotyping and mock other films. Romantic comedies, like the classic When Harry Met Sally, usually target women aged 13-24 years old. However, comedies have have managed to put smiles on faces beyond these ages.
Content
Comedies feature a protagonist or group of protagonists that face life together. They are like any other person, yet flawed. Common protagonists include the nerd and outsider who does everything usually creates a mess in everything they do as they are either aware or unaware of their flaws. There is usually some sort of status change as the protagonist(s) go from "rags to riches," finds a shift in their perspecitive, or has drama with friends or family.
This genre features humorous characters and dialouge to intill laughs in its viewers. This includes exaggerating situations beyond reality and using irony and satire to highlight flaws of certain people or groups. Comedic timing allows for perfect delievery of a joke or silly moment to increase its impact on audiences. They also offer social commentary through satire to offer fresh perspectives towards different social norms and values. This was seen in Dr. Strangelove, a movie that used satire to comment on Cold War paranoia and the nuclear arms race.
The plot usually begins with the main characters living their normal lives, then escalates once an unexpected event happens and only worsens when the characters attempt to fix it. After overcoming the obstacles, the characters return to their normal lives.
Production Techniques
In order for comedic timing to work, editing is used to create rhythm and pacing that makes the situation more comedic. For example, editors will strategically cut to reactions and pauses to increase the funniness of certain moments. Through editing, editors create visual jokes and juxtapose certain elements. In Groundhog Day, the arrogant protagonist was juxtaposed with the joyful small town atmosphere. Physical comedy is used to exaggerate movements, such as dramatic facial expressions, in order to build humor visually rather than soley through dialogue.
Comedies can be set in many locations depending on the focus of the film. Comedies about family dynamics are filmed in homes and teen comedies are typically set in small towns and high schools, such as the teen comedy Mean Girls filmed in a high school located in the suburbs. High-key lighting is used to develop a bright and cheerful environment and establish the lighthearted tone most comedies provide. Many establishing shots may be used to show the location of the scene and many mid-shots are used to show characters facial expressions.
Example of high-key lighting in Barbie comedy movie that adds excitement to the moment.Institutional Conventions- Narrative Image and Marketing
As part of their narrative image, comedy movie posters are designed to look entertaining. They feature the main characters with very expressive facial expressions that give consumers an idea of their personality. These movie posters are designed to look attention-grabbing though colorful posters with bold hues, like bright blues, yellows, and pinks. The typography is not very uniform to develop a feeling of craze and excitement towards the film. Some comedy posters feature taglines in an attempt to instill laughs in consumers to motivate them to watch the movie.

A variety of mediums are used to market films, such as trailers, teasers, interviews with the cast, posters, social media, and press releases. It is difficult to market comedies as humor is subjective, so marketing is largley based off understanding the target audience's sense of humor. Comedy films rely on viral marketing on social media. So, the funniest moments of comedies are usually advertised online and in trailers in hopes of becoming viral to attract viewers. Timing of the release matters too as, for example, family comedies usually get more views during the holidays. Many movies in this genre market the movie by collaborating with influencers, celebrities, and popular brands to appeal to and reach bigger audiences. He's All That is a perfect example of this marketing strategy. Viral videos of humorous moments and celebrity appearances spread across social media platforms to attract audiences. A lot of these moments were featured in its trailer too. This film became highly talked about approaching its release date.
Film Samples
Freaky Friday is a film which embodies many of this genre's conventions as humor develops from the awkward consequences of a mother and daughter swapping lives. Like many comedies, this one addressed the mother and teenage daughter relationship that is commonly stereotyped as not understanding each others perspecitives. This film exaggerated this stereotype by having a teenager girl swap bodies with her mother after driving each other crazy because they did not understand each other. The structure of this film is just like every other comedy, starting with the main characters living their normal lives which was soon disrupted by an obstacle (swapping bodies). Once each character learned their lesson, they returned to their normal lives. In this movie, the status change the characters experience is a new perspective as they were more understanding of what their parent/child is going through. This film also juxtaposed 2 contrasting elements like in many other comedies. This constrast was of a teenage girl in an adult body and an adult in a teenage body. Physical comedy was exhibited when the teen daughter was in the mothers body. Although the mom still physically looked like an adult, mentally she was a teenager. So the actress, Jamie Lee Curtis, playing the mother slouched and exhibited uncoordinated movements similar to that of a teenage girl while physically appearing as a fully grown adult. Lindsay Lohan, the actress playing the teenage daughter, developed humor while physically being a teenager, yet mentally being a grown-up. So, audiences found comedy in watching a free-spirited teen dressing polished and professionally while trying to handle the struggles of adult life.
The Freaky Friday movie poster features many elements of a narrative image in this genre. This includes the bold colors, main characters with expressive faces hinting that an unexpected and unfortunate event may come, and a tagline (at the top of the poster: "Every teenager nightmare... turning into her mother.") that is used in an attempt to make consumers laugh and become encouraged to watch the movie.
Ferris Bueller's Day Off is another popular movie that embodies the conventions of the comedy genre. This film features the main character, Ferris Bueller, who decides to skip school because he is "sick." As mentioned earlier, many comedies exaggerate realities. This comedy exaggerates the infamous, and stereotyped, lie children use to get out of school. Ferris' manages to convince not only his family, but his entire town that he is out of school because he is sick. Unlike reality, a rumor of his sickness spread across his entire school in an attempt to add comedic relief to the situation. This film also used comedy to emphasize the stereotyped strict rules of authority figures, such as Principal Rooney who made it his goal to catch Ferris not sick after he ran into him enjoying his day off. Alike all comedies, this one started and ended with Ferris living his ordinary life. Of course, in the middle of the movie it was interrupted with his leisurely activities to celebrate his day off. This comedy also feautred the convention of physcial comedy as Principal Rooney is attacked by Ferris' dog and got covered in mud when trying to break into the Bueller household.
The Ferris Bueller's Day Off movie poster exhibits common features of comedy's narrative images, as well. Besides the bold red and black colors, the poster features the main character (Ferris Bueller) with an expressive smirk on his face to illustrate pleasure and hint towards an exciting plot in the movie. The poster even features the taglines "LEISURE RULES" and "One man's struggle to take it easy." in hopes of motivating consumers to watch the movie by instilling an early laugh in them.
Some Comedies to Consider:
Best in Show (2000)
Airplane! (1980)
Modern Times (1936)
School of Rock (2003)
Night at the Museum (2006)
The Sandlot (1993)
Sources:
https://mesnedalmisned.com/2020/04/11/audiences-for-different-genres/
https://robincatling.com/conventions-of-the-comedy-genre
https://fiveable.me/film-history-and-form/unit-2/comedy/study-guide/UAeMZ0mvALkdNH3g
https://prezi.com/44ufbqtezygs/codes-conventions-of-a-comedy/
https://blog.designcrowd.com/article/1004/40-must-see-movie-posters#
https://www.meegle.com/en_us/topics/film-distribution/film-distribution-for-comedy-films